Construction of walls of preformed units



H. R. HADFIELD..

CONSTRUCTION og wAYLLsfoF PRETORMEDy UNITS.

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20 pre-cast, and which does not UNi'rED STATES- PAr-ENT foi-rica f mienn.' HADFIELD, or AKRON, omo.

CONSTRUCTION vOF WALLS F PBEFOR-HEI) UNITS.

.application nien January 27, 1920. serial No. 354,497.

To all whom t may (fo/fiamma:l

Be it known that I, HUGH R. HADFIELD, a citizen of the United States,and a resident of Akron, county o'f Summit, and vState of Ohio, haveinvented a new Vand useful Immode in which I have contemplated applyingthat principle, so as to distinguish it y from other inventions.

The object of m invention is a method of concrete construction Jforbuildings by which i5 a frame-work of re-cast units consisting of allnecessary stu s, sills, joists, rafters and plates, is first erected andwhich is complete in itself, self-supporting and self-sustaining, allunits or members of which have been require the casting or forming oliany member or unit during the period of construction or erection, andany or all of the units or members bein provided with means forattaching suita le units of other form, or of similar or dissimilarmaterial for the sole purpose of closing up the aperture between thevarious members of the frame-work, all with the purpose of completing abuilding forwhatever purpose required.

rThe further object is to provide a means oil2 erecting a concretebuilding without having to resort to mechanical means for spacing thevarious members which have been pre-cast, and without having to cast anymember whatever during the course oi'' the erection of the building.

The further object of my invention is to so pre-cast all members of thebuilding in l a0 such manner as to reduce thework of erecting thebuilding to a mere matter of assembling, and all spacing ispre-determined by the design of the member or unit when cast. Minvention accomplishes the purpose without. the use of wires, extrareinforcing rods, etc., to hold the various members together. Neither isit necessary in using my invention to use any member which has beenpre-cast as a mold or form in which to cast some other part or memberwhich is intended to contribute toward holding u the buildin which hasalready been erected).

The urther object is to provide a means of sustaining the weight ofthose units or tile which serve the purpose of closing up the aperturesbetween the frame-workmembers. This is accomplished by providing.

projecting faces at the proper places on the faces of the studs, bymeans of which the tile is 'supported on the top edge of eachprojection, and the ends of that tile are secured to the side edges ofsimilar projections on the faces of adjacent studs. Thus, any tile maybeplaced in the wall in any space, without regard to the other tiles orspaces, the entire weight of the tile being carried by the stud faceprojection. Simi-l larly, any tile may be removed from the wall `withoutdisturbin the security of other tiles in the wall. In al other methodsnow known to the art and in which tiles are used for closing upapertures, the bottom courses rest upon the foundation, and all othercourses rest upon the lower courses of tiles. Hence, it is clear why LI.have provided projecting faces on my studs and rafters, each one tocarry the weight of one tile.

The annexed drawings and the following I description set forth in detailcertain mechanisrn embodying the invention, such disclosed meansconstitutin however, but one of various mechanical principle of theinvention may be used.

In said annexed drawings Figure l is an elevation, partly in section, ofa wall embodying thepresent construction; Fig. 2 is a horizontal sectionon the line 2--2, Figi; Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 3-3,Fig. l ;4 Fig. fi is a top plan view of the wall showing the beamconstruction; Fig. 5 is an elevational 4view of a modified forni ofconstruction; Fig. 6 is a section on the line 6-6, Fig. 5; Fig. 7 is abroken side elevation of another modified form of construction; Fig. 8is a horizontal section on the line 88, Fig. 7 Fig. 9 isa perspectiveview showing method of assembling wall; Fig. 10 is a respective view ofsill and wall with parts in section; Fig. 1l is a perspective View of atile; Figs. 12, 13, 14 and 15 are horizontal sections through theseveral types of studs.

As illustrated, only a partial section of a wall is shown, the wallresting on a suitable beam or sill l, which will be fastened or placedon topiof the foundation, and will form the sill for the wall itself.Spaced at regular intervals along this beam will be suitable studs oruprights 2 which will be connected at the top by a similar beam or sill3, as best shown in Fig. 3. In the first form shown, 'these studs are ofgeneral I- Specication of Letterslatent. i Patented Sept. 20,'1921. y

orms in which the portions are throughout tlelr length. The projections'beam structure, provided along their frontl and rear faces with'alternating projecting and depressed areas 3 and 4, the rojecting areas3 being of less width than tlie faces 5 of the studs so as to formshoulders 6 against which tiles 7 may be placed. The sides 8 and the topand bottom of these projecting provided with grooves 9 on adjacent studsalternate and the projections are also preferabl placed alternately onthe two sides of eac stud, the enlarged sections shown in Figs. 12 and13 indicating two adjacent studs cut by the same horizontal plane.

The top and bottom beams are also provided with alternate projections 10corresponding to the projecting portions of the studs so as to form acontinuous projection running from the bottom to the top of the finishedwall, and allowing the tiles to be laid flush with the face of theprojections and to cover the side surfaces of the beams Vboth at the topand at the bottom.

In Figs. 5 and 6 a modified form of construction is shown, in which thefaces 12 of the studs 13 are all in the same plane, and

are provided throughout their entire len h with a projecting portion 14forming shoulders 15 with the faces 12 of the studs so that the tilesfit between adjacent studs, and do not overla as shown in the firstform. Studs for thls form of wall are shown in section in Fig. 4, and inthis form only half as many studs are used' as the tiles do not overlap,and this is therefore a cheaper 'construction although, of course,neither as heavy nor as strong as the first form.

" Another modification of a wall is shown in 7 and 8, in which theIstuds 20 areprovi ed on oneface with-the projections 21 as shown in thefirst form, While the intermediate studs 23 have no projections :at thepoint where the section is taken, and the other faces of both studs 2Oand 23 are cut off as at 22 so as to-have no projections at all, thusleaving a wall, when the tiles are in place, with merely the studs andtiles on one side of the wall., In this type the studs are placed likethose inthe rst form, that is, at intervals equal to one-half the lengthof a. tile, -the sections of studs 21 and 23 being shown enlarged inFigs. 13 and 15.

In forming a wall of'this character, the

r9 in the pro'ecting portions of the studs and between the two corneruprights a very thin groutingis poured between the grooved ends of thetiles, and this grouting will follow the course shown in Fig. 1 insection, running down between the grooved ends of two adjacent tiles,and then along the horizontal edges of the tiles and projections andinthe grooves between the tiles and the studs. An# other row of tiles isthen laid and the grouting process is continued until the wall isfinished. As shown, it will be seen that the tiles 7 are merely thinslabs which are pro- 'vided with grooves 30 in their peripheries whichwill be in alinement with the grooves beams, so t at when the tiles arein place it leaves a cylindrical opening between the adjacent edges ofeach two tiles and the adjacent edges of the tiles and studs and beams,so that the grouting, when set, forms a tie 31 to secure the tiles tothe studs and beams, as well as securing the adjacent edges of tiles toether.

n the form shown in Fig. 1, the tiles are set with broken joints, thestuds being set a distance apart ual to half the length of a tile, whilein theeform shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the studs are set a art a distancevequal tov the length of the ti e, the tiles in thls construction meetingonly along their horizontal 95 edges and being held between two studsalong their vertical edges. .Either of these constructions can be usedin forming a single wall such as is shown in Figs. 7 and 8, althoughythe wall is here shown as being prmed with broken joints like the wallin It will be seen that the present wall can be made up of preformed orprecast units, the beams, studs and tiles being factory made, and merelyset up in place where the buildingA or wall is to be constructed.Thefwall is either a double Wall with air spaces running the entireheight, or, as shown 1n Figs. 7 and 8, ma be formed of the studs withmerely the tiles on one face, and this wall may be finished on the otherside in any desired manner, either by being bricked up or using anyordinary tile or stone construction, or provision may be made forwalling itup with lumber, in which case suitable wooden strips wouldmerely have to be affixed to the faces of the studs. `The width of thewall will ordinarily be set, but beams and studs of sever'al widths maybe made up, thus allow- 120 ing great latitude in making walls of anySulta le width.4 Each tile (is secured to the tile above and below, aswell as to the studs at its ends and to the intermediate stud, or ltotwo studs in certain forms of the con- 126 struction. The beams or sillswill be tied to the tiles and to the studs as shown in Fig. 10, makingan extremely rigid wall and yet one which can be readily assembled -onthe is of course to be understood that the same construction is equallyapplicable to forming roofs, floors and ceihngs, in which case the studswould act as the necessary supporting beams or rafters.

Other modes of applying the principle of my invention may be employedinstead of the one explained, change being made as regards the mechanismherein disclosed, provided the means stated by any of the followingclaims or the equivalent of such stated means be employed.

I therefore particularly point out and distinctly claim as my invention1.'A wall construction comprising studs having projections makingshoulders with thefaces of the studs and tiles adapted to 'fit againstthe faces of said studs and the sides of such projections, the sides ofsuch projections and said tiles being provided with alined groovesadapted to receive a grouting to tie said Studs and tiles together.

2. A wall construction comprising studs spaced at regular intervals,said studs having projections making shoulders with the faces of saidstubs, the sides of said projections being provided with grooves, andtiles having groovededges, said tiles being of a thickness to be laidflush with the face of said studs `to form a smooth outer'surface in thesame plane as such projections, such grooves in said tiles being inalinement with the grooves in such projections and being adapted toreceive a grouting to tie said studs and tiles together.

3. A wall construction comprising studs spaced at regular intervals,sald studs having projections making shoulders with the faces of saidstuds, the edges of said projections being provided with grooves, andtiles having grooved edges, said tiles being of a thickness to be laidflush with the face of said'studs to form a smooth outer surface in thesame Y lane as such projections, suchl grooves in said tiles being i-nalinement with each other and in alinement with the grooves in'saidprojections and being adapted to receive a grouting to tie said tiles toeach other and to said studs.

4. A vwall construction comprising studs having` faces provided with aseries of spaced projections of less width than the faces of saidl studs.and forming shoulders therewith, the edges of said projections havinggrooves, and tiles having grooved edges, the grooves being adapted to bealined with the grooves in said projections, said tiles being adapted tobe placed against the faces of said studs and the sides of saidprojections to form a `flush surface, the alined grooves between tilesand tiles and studs being adapted to receive grouting to tie said tilesto each other and to said studs.

5. A wall construction comprising studs having faces provided with aseries of spaced projections of less width than the faces of said studsand forming shoulders therewith, the edges of said projections havinggrooves, the projections being equal to the height of a tile and beingstaggered relative t0 each other on adjacent studs, and tiles havinggrooved edges, the grooves being adapted to be in alinement with thegrooves in said projections, said tiles being adapted to fit betweenprojections on alternate studs and to-lit against the face of theintermediate stud, the alined` grooves being adapted `to receivegrouting t0 form a tie to secure said tiles to each other and to saidstuds.

6. A double Wall construction comprising studs-having faceslprovided'with a series of spaced projections of less width than thefaces and forming shoulders therewith, theprojections being staggeredrelative to each other on the two faces of each stud, the pro` jectionsbeing equal to the height of a title, and being staggered relative toeach other on faces on adjacent studs, and tiles having grooved edges,the tiles being equal in width to the depth of the projections, andhaving grooved edges, the grooves being adapted to be in alinementtwiththe grooves in such projections, said tiles being of a length to fitbetween the projections on alternate studs and tofit flush against theface of the intermediate stud between the spaced projections, the alinedgrooves between studs and tiles and between tiles being adapted toreceive grouting to tie said tiles to each other and to said studs.

Signed by me, this 23d day' of January,

HUGH. R. HAD'FIELD.

